Configurations of community in flood risk management     

Aleksi Räsänen  Vera Kauppinen  Sirkku Juhola  Gunhild Setten  Haakon Lein 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(3):165-180

ABSTRACT

Despite a notable increase in the literature on community resilience, the notion of ‘community’ remains underproblematised. This is evident within flood risk management (FRM) literature, in which the understanding and roles of communities may be acknowledged but seldom discussed in any detail. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how community networks are configured by different actors, whose roles and responsibilities span spatial scales within the context of FRM. Accordingly, the authors analyse findings from semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and household surveys from two flood prone areas in Finnish Lapland. The analysis reveals that the ways in which authorities, civil society, and informal actors take on multiple roles are intertwined and form different types of networks. By implication, the configuration of community is fuzzy, elusive and situated, and not confined to a fixed spatiality. The authors discuss the implications of the complex nature of community for FRM specifically, and for community resilience more broadly. They conclude that an analysis of different actors across scales contributes to an understanding of the configuration of community, including community resilience, and how the meaning of community takes shape according to the differing aims of FRM in combination with differing geographical settings.  相似文献   

ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的数据库设计          下载免费PDF全文

葛蕴翊  黎辉  黄宇  李敬伟  雷仕俊  藏京京  苏杨  封莉  李友平  李瑛  徐遵磊  李翔 《天文学报》2020,61(4):46

先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)卫星是我国首颗太阳观测卫星, 主要观测太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射以及产生它们的磁场结构. ASO-S卫星的科学应用系统是科学卫星工程的6大系统之一, 它连接科学用户和卫星数据, 为将卫星的科学数据转化为科学成果提供保障. 科学应用系统的数据库是连接软件与海量数据的枢纽, 为科学数据生产和用户服务及运行提供数据层的支撑. 介绍了科学应用系统的数据库架构设计、数据库的选择以及数据库性能优化和表样例. 这里的数据库包括观测计划、工程参数、运维日志、科学数据、定标数据和特征事件识别等数据库. 这些数据库的建设将为ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的顺利运行提供数据支撑, 也可以为未来其他科学卫星类似数据库的搭建提供参考和借鉴.  相似文献   

基于Stacking集成学习的恒星/星系分类研究          下载免费PDF全文

李超  张文辉  李然  王俊义  林基明 《天文学报》2020,61(2):21-111

机器学习在当今诸多领域已经取得了巨大的成功,但是机器学习的预测效果往往依赖于具体问题.集成学习通过综合多个基分类器来预测结果,因此,其适应各种场景的能力较强,分类准确率较高.基于斯隆数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey,SDSS)计划恒星/星系中最暗源星等集分类正确率低的问题,提出一种基于Stacking集成学习的恒星/星系分类算法.从SDSS-DR7(SDSS Data Release 7)中获取完整的测光数据集,并根据星等值划分为亮源星等集、暗源星等集和最暗源星等集.仅针对分类较为复杂且困难的最暗源星等集展开分类研究.首先,对最暗源星等集使用10折嵌套交叉验证,然后使用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)、随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)等算法建立基分类器模型;使用梯度提升树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT)作为元分类器模型.最后,使用基于星系的分类正确率等指标,与功能树(Function Tree,FT)、SVM、RF、GBDT、XGBoost、堆叠降噪自编码(Stacked Denoising AutoEncoders,SDAE)、深度置信网络(Deep Belief Network,DBN)、深度感知决策树(Deep Perception Decision Tree,DPDT)等模型进行分类结果对比分析.实验结果表明,Stacking集成学习模型在最暗源星等集分类中要比FT算法的星系分类正确率提高了将近10%.同其他传统的机器学习算法、较强的提升算法、深度学习算法相比,Stacking集成学习模型也有较大的提升.  相似文献   

遗传算法优化的BP神经网络卫星钟差预报          下载免费PDF全文

孙鹏超  魏东平  孙碧娟 《天文学报》2020,61(6):67

针对BP (Back Propagation)神经网络模型预测卫星钟差中权值和阈值的最优化问题, 提出了基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络卫星钟差短期预报模型, 给出了遗传算法优化BP神经网络的基本思想、具体方法和实施步骤. 为验证该优化模型的有效性和可行性, 利用北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system, BDS)卫星钟差数据进行钟差预报精度分析, 并将其与灰色模型(GM(1,1))和BP神经网络模型预报的结果比较分析. 结果表明: 该模型在短期钟差预报中具有较好的精度, 优于GM(1,1)模型和BP神经网络模型.  相似文献   

Low-energy Lunar Trajectories with Lunar Flybystwo     

Wei Bing-wei  Li Yin-shan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2018,42(4):575-593

The low-energy lunar trajectories with lunar flybys are investigated based on the Sun-Earth-Moon bicircular problem (BCP). The characteristics of the distribution of trajectories in the phase space are summarized. Using the invariant manifolds in the BCP system, the low-energy lunar trajectories with lunar flybys are sought. Then, take time as an augmented dimension in the phase space of a nonautonomous system, we present the state space map and reveal the distribution of these lunar trajectories in the phase space. Consequently, we find that the low-energy lunar trajectories exist as families, and that the every moment in the Sun-Earth-Moon synodic period can be the departure date. Finally, we analyse the velocity increment, transfer duration, and system energy for the different trajectory families, and obtain the velocity-impulse optimal family and the transfer-duration optimal family, respectively.  相似文献   

射电望远镜多目标观测策略优化          下载免费PDF全文

翟楠楠  刘志勇  王娜  朱春花 《天文学报》2021,62(6):63

望远镜调度是望远镜运行中的关键组成部分, 用于辅助科研人员进行合理的观测计划安排, 提高望远镜的运行效率, 获取高质量的观测数据. 然而, 由于不同观测项目的科学需求不同, 望远镜的调度过程十分复杂. 针对短周期多目标的观测项目, 考虑望远镜换源时转动时长、观测高度角等因素进行建模, 采用贪心算法对中国科学院新疆天文台南山26m望远镜脉冲星到达时间观测列表进行调度. 通过模拟表明, 使用算法完成的观测列表可以有效地减少观测过程中的平均转动时长, 提升观测数据的质量, 提高望远镜时间利用率, 减少科研人员对观测列表编排的负担.  相似文献   

不同饲养方式对乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)肠道微生物群落结构差异及种类多样性的影响     

盛鹏程  周冬仁  韩新荣  胡晓波  叶雪平  徐磊  周聃  吴琦芳  郝贵杰 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):148-155

以乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)为研究对象,采用不同日粮饲喂,试验W1组饲喂冰鲜鱼,试验W2组饲喂畜禽内脏。12周后,取肠道内容物,利用16S rDNA技术研究投喂不同饲粮的乌鳢肠道生物群落结构差异和微生物多样性,分别获得W1组和W2组乌鳢肠道细菌有效序列51124和39298条。结果分析表明;W1组和W2组物种注释(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为2631和4114条,分类地位明确的细菌种类分别隶属5个属和49个属,W1组和W2组乌鳢肠道细菌种类差异很大。W1组乌鳢肠道细菌的优势类群是邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)、鲸蜡菌属(Cetobacterium);W2组乌鳢肠道细菌的优势类群是狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、Spartobacteria、甲基副球菌属(Methyloparacoccus)、杆菌属(Alsobacter)、Saccharibacteria、分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)。W2组乌鳢肠道细菌香农指数高于W1组乌鳢肠道细菌,表明前者肠道细菌多样性大于后者。本实验揭示了畜禽内脏饲喂乌鳢肠道细菌的群落种类多样性、OTU丰富度和物种总数均高于冰鲜鱼饲喂乌鳢;W1组肠道有益菌OTU丰富度大于W2组,且W2组还存在一些潜在致病菌。本研究为乌鳢的健康养殖和后续肠道微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Feeding intensity and molecular prey identification of the mantis shrimp,Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan, 1844), in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay     

Qi-Kang Bo  Yun-Zhao Lu  Hui-Jing Mi  Yan-Guang Yu  De-Xian Gu  Hong-Zheng You  Shuang Hao 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(4):e12594

Bohai Bay, a representative semi-enclosed bay of China, has been severely impacted in recent decades by rapid human development. Although the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria plays an important role in the Bohai Bay ecosystem and fishery, its feeding ecology and the impact of habitat changes on its feeding habits are poorly known. In this study, we sought to identify its feeding strategy through the separation of stomach contents, and to describe its trophic ecology during maturation in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay by the DNA barcoding method using a fragment (about 690 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) gene. A total of 594 specimens were collected from March to July 2018, and 347 (58.42%) stomachs were found to have food remains. More than half of the O. oratoria individuals had poor feeding activity, and the degree of feeding of females was higher than that of males, but there was no significant difference in the visual fullness index and the fullness weight index (FWI) between sexes for each month. In addition, the feeding activity of O. oratoria was consistent across the months, suggesting in artificial breeding programs it is not worried too much about the accessional diet supplied to the female bloodstocks except maintaining their normal food. A total of 167 retrieved prey items yielded 187 readable sequences; 86.63% of these sequences could be assigned to the species level. Consequently, 25 different prey taxa covering all readable sequences were identified, showing O. oratoria is a generalist predator. In terms of percent composition by frequency of occurrences (%N), crustaceans and fishes accounted for the same and highest percentage (35.83%) in the mantis shrimp diet, followed by mollusks (24.59%) and the remaining marine organisms (3.73%) including Polychaeta (2.67%), Sagittoidea (0.53%), and Chromadorea (0.53%). The result shows the benthic fish Oxudercidae (family) appears to be an especially important food supply for O. oratoria during maturation. The degree of cannibalism decreased with an increase in diet species and the frequencies of cannibalism in this study was noticeably higher than that in previous studies, suggesting that cannibalism may be a significant feeding strategy in the mantis shrimp O. oratoria in the Tianjin coastal zone of Bohai Bay, and because of the frequently cannibalistic behavior, the high stocking density of broodstocks should be avoided.  相似文献   

大型射电望远镜主反射面调整方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙正雄  王锦清  虞林峰  张志斌  王广利 《天文学报》2024,65(2):15

随着毫米波天文学和空间通信的重要性日益提高, 对天线性能提出了越来越高的要求, 而天线性能往往受到其反射器表面精度的限制. 微波全息技术是一种快速有效的检测反射面天线表面轮廓的测量技术. 通过微波全息测量得到天线口径场, 计算天马65m射电望远镜反射面与理想抛物面的偏差. 天马65m射电望远镜的主反射面板是放射状的, 有14圈. 面板的每个角都固定在面板下方促动器的螺栓上进行上下移动, 且相邻面板交点处的拐角共用一个促动器. 采用平面拟合的方法可以计算各块面板拐角处的调整值, 但是同一个促动器会得到4个不同的调整量. 通过平面拟合, 同时以天线照明函数为权重的平差计算方法得到相邻面板拐角的一个平差值, 即天马65m射电望远镜1104个促动器的最佳调整值. 通过多次调整和新算法的应用, 天马65m射电望远镜反射面的面形精度逐渐提高到了0.24mm.  相似文献   

鲁东地区地热资源分布规律及勘查定井方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

崔煜烽  张杰  殷焘  史猛  毕建新 《中国地质调查》2018,5(2):86-92

鲁东地区具有丰富的地热资源,在地热勘查、开发和利用中,对地热勘查定井方法的选择至关重要。在介绍鲁东地区地热资源分布特征和赋存规律的基础上,结合鲁东地区地热勘查及施工的经验和教训,针对不同的地热地质条件,分别采用天然电场选频、瞬变电磁法(TEM)测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、电磁测深和自然放射能测深等方法对鲁东地区典型地热勘查区进行地热井位确定,并对勘查定井方法效果进行对比。结果表明: 鲁东地热资源主要分布在NE向、NNE向及NW向断裂交汇带附近,为断裂控制的深循环对流型带状地热资源,热储分布主要受断裂控制,勘查定井宜选择在2条或多条断裂的交汇处; 天然电场选频、瞬变电磁法测深对于浅部地层和断裂具有较好的反映; 可控源音频大地电磁测深对断裂深部发育特征反映明显,为鲁东地热勘查定井较适宜的方法; 地热勘查定井宜采用2种以上的勘查方法,避免在物探施工过程中受外在因素的影响。  相似文献